At the Shanghai World Expo, the “Treasure of the Town Hall†of the Jiangsu Pavilion is a huge jade cabbage: 90 cm long, 56 cm wide, 56 cm high and weighs 150 kg. This Chinese cabbage adopts the method of volley carving, which is exquisitely carved and vivid, and its designer is Jiang Chunyuan, a master of Chinese arts and crafts in the jade carving world, who is famous for his hand-made “螳螂白èœâ€.
Since the mid-1990s, Jiang Chunyuan has continued to express the unique charm of “Yangzhou Workers†with the “螳螂白èœâ€ which inherits the tradition and is not open to the public. Recently, Jiang Chunyuan was interviewed by this newspaper and talked about his artistic history and creative experience.
Practice the concept of "Jade Painting" on "Yin Cabbage"
In 1963, due to difficulties at home, Jiang Chunyuan, who was in the third year of junior high school, entered the Yangzhou Jade Factory as an apprentice. At that time, they had to learn from the most bitter and tired first-class materials, and also to learn Chinese paintings. This is also very hard for Jiang Chunyuan, who has no artistic skills. But these two solid basic skills have enabled Jiang Chunyuan to make a stride on the road of jade design.
Let me talk about learning Chinese painting.
At that time, Jiang Chunyuan, a big boy, spent almost every day after work and 11:00 in the evening, and spent almost all of his life in sketching or copying. During the "Cultural Revolution", he also insisted on the training of Chinese painting. At that time, he decided to change to the jade designer. Therefore, only a decade from the art, Jiang Chunyuan produced the coral "Begonia Flower Bottle", revealing talent and potential. In the mid-1970s, he was promoted to be the youngest designer in the factory.
But he was really a blockbuster, it was in the mid-1990s. At that time, Jiang Chunyuan, who knew the destiny, had been thinking about how to inherit the tradition and innovate. It happens that there is a large jade material in the factory, which is cracked, stale, and spotted. It is definitely not possible to do the character pieces. It will cause huge waste in the furnace bottle, and everyone is very entangled. Jiang Chunyuan carefully examined the material and found that the jade meat is still very good as long as it can reasonably avoid or remove the disease.
"Yu Cheng is in the sky." Jiang Chunyuan fell into deep thought. In order to find inspiration, he read a lot of books on jade, painting, sculpture, etc., and forced himself to draw a Chinese painting at the desk every day.
One day, he opened the drawer and saw a picture of the previous jadeite work, "The Grapes of the Grapes". Suddenly, he suddenly thought that if he integrated life, painting and jade carving, he would definitely find a new way. He hung the flowers and birds paintings that he was more satisfied with recently in the wall, called the family, and asked them to choose a piece of their favorite works. Finally, everyone chose the cabbage banner. This choice made Jiang Chunyuan somewhat unexpected. He asked why, everyone said: "It's very interesting, life is very strong, and it feels very real." This answer allowed Jiang Chunyuan to top up and decide to make a cabbage.
As usual, Jiang Chunyuan usually draws directly on the jade material, but this time, because the jade material is very large, the leader asked him to come out first. In order to draw a good work, Jiang Chunyuan asked his wife to buy a Chinese cabbage every day. After work, he washed the vegetables and studied the structure and natural characteristics of the cabbage. In addition, every day he also moves strokes of cabbage, in the process, he found that the line is the root of Chinese painting, and the cabbage he designed must also show the vitality through the lines. So he introduced the changes in Chinese painting to the jade carving, and used the rolled leaves to increase the beauty and dynamics of the jade. In order to better achieve the combination of movement and static, he added 螳螂 and 蟋蟀 on the cabbage. Therefore, the meaning of the work is not only “hundred wealth†but also “selling moneyâ€, which adds “good fortune†and good intentions. head.
In this way, when Jiang Chunyuan’s “螳螂白èœâ€, which weighed more than 50 kilograms, appeared in the boutique exhibition of the 40th anniversary of the Yangzhou Jade Factory, it caused a great sensation.
Jiang Chunyuan also introduced the concept of "Jade Painting" into other flower subjects, and all received good results. He later won the "Flower Chrysanthemum Chain Bottle" and "Fugui Yannian Bottle", which are well-recognized.
Jade to be "presumed guilty"
Let's talk about the material.
Jiang Chunyuan said that jade is a very precious material, and it must be done in accordance with the material, without wasting a good amount of material, which requires serious "examination of jade." "The story of He Shizhen is a household name. Everyone knows that there is a layer of sputum outside the jade. Sometimes it is not seen at all. Unless it is an experienced person, it is possible to understand the problems of various jade materials only through jade. Or the problem. The opening room is the best place to learn to judge jade. As long as you have the heart, you can see how the surface texture affects the inner lining through the cut jade material, and understand the problem through the division of the designer. How to be found and removed."
Once, a friend asked Jiang Chunyuan to help design a cabbage. At noon the next day, a friend drove a stone from the car. Because it was too heavy, Jiang Chunyuan did not let him move out and put it in the trunk. By daylight, Jiang Chunyuan quickly understood the material and told his friend frankly: "No, this is not a cabbage." The friend was anxious: "This piece of skin is good, how can I not do it? I want to Collect a cabbage of your design." Jiang Chunyuan said: "It is a good material, but also the shape of a cabbage, but there is a problem in the place where the heart can be cooked. It can only be regarded as a defective product, not only the money can not be earned. It is estimated that no one wants to send it out."
The friend looked suspicious, but still believed him and chose to do other subjects. When the material was opened, it turned out that the problem, as Jiang Chunyuan said, has been deep into it. Jiang Chunyuan joked to a friend: "This piece of material was thought for millions of years ago, and I would not like to make cabbage in my heart."
Therefore, in the process of “examining jadeâ€, Jiang Chunyuan particularly emphasized that he could not carry a specific purpose. He must do “the heart is like waterâ€, and simply go to find faults and pick faults. Only the problems of the whole piece of material are in the mind. You can figure out how to design and utilize the effective part. "You can't see a piece of material like a bottle and make a bottle. If you like a personal thing, you can do Guanyin. Even I have to buy a material for what to do, and I can't take it with the mentality of making a fortune." Those who burn red skin and roll the seed material are not the ones who have grasped the hearts of many buyers to openly falsify?"
For ordinary collectors, how do you go to "examine jade"? Jiang Chunyuan’s suggestion is very simple, that is, to go to see more, to ask more, and to make “guilty presumption†for jade. “The jade industry has a very good atmosphere. No matter who sells or produces, no one has allowed you to go slowly. People who are interested often go to the jade market, factories or workshops. There are raw stones and semi-finished products. This is only the first step. Then we have to go to the place where the raw materials are sold, and the experience and the actual one-to-one correspondence. In the past few years, the price of jade has soared, everyone should be more cautious, cautious and cautious. Any jade must first be considered to be faulty, and you must use valid evidence to convince yourself that it is worth buying."
Dialogue Jiang Chunyuan - Qinghai material utilization rate is very low, the thief light of the Russian material will weaken the sense of warmth
Guangzhou Daily: You have been in the Yangzhou jade factory for more than 50 years. In your opinion, what is the biggest feature of Yangzhou workers?
Jiang Chunyuan: Yangzhou is located in the middle of the north and south, so it also shows a situation of integration between the north and the south. It has both the grace of the South and the majesty of the north. It is stable, atmospheric and exquisite, and has fine workmanship. Exquisite in elegance."
Guangzhou Daily: Your book "The source is like this - the six Chinese cabbages" has gained a good reputation in the industry. What is your original intention to write this book?
Jiang Chunyuan: My original intention is to inherit, so that my experience, thinking and innovation can be better reserved for future generations. As the inheritor of the national intangible cultural heritage, I have to shoulder the responsibility that I can do. Some old friends and old colleagues who have been in contact with each other for a long time often talk to me. The first batch of old people in Yangzhou Jade Factory are all people in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. Most of them are engaged in making a living for a living. The level of education is low, but the craft is passed. It is a pity to leave the experience of only a few words. After thousands of years of word-of-mouth communication, the jade industry has broken the traditional family workshop mode, and it is indeed time to end the old teaching method.
Guangzhou Daily: According to the new national standards, the scope of Hetian jade is now greatly expanded. Qinghai, Russian and Korean materials can be called Hetian jade. Do you think this is appropriate?
Jiang Chunyuan: In my opinion, this is not appropriate. Although Russian materials, Qinghai materials, and Korean materials are similar to Xinjiang in terms of mineral composition, due to differences in production areas, the texture of other materials is less than that of Xinjiang. Therefore, I believe that the tremolite materials in various regions can be collectively referred to as white jade, and should not be called Hetian jade. Hetian jade should refer specifically to Hetian jade in Xinjiang. For example, wool, wool is also produced in Inner Mongolia, wool is also produced in Xinjiang, and wool is also found in Australia and New Zealand, but people will never be confused. Otherwise, people who have just entered the line are easily deceived. Merchants and mine owners like Qinghai, claiming that their jade is Hetian jade, the same as Xinjiang, but to raise the value of their own stone.
Guangzhou Daily: So, do you think that white jade in other areas has a collection value?
Jiang Chunyuan: I think collectors should still focus on the Xinjiang region. Hetian materials are very good both in seed and mountain. And like Qinghai, after a few years, the color will turn dark gray or dark yellow. The top of the Russian material is OK, and the general is also yellow. However, overall, Russia is better than Qinghai. In addition, the utilization rate of Qinghai materials is very poor, the white is very small, the outer skin is also thick, there is water line, and the quality is not too high. China's traditional culture pays attention to Wen Qiruyu, and the thief light of Qinghai and Russian materials will also weaken the sense of warmth, so everyone does not recognize it.
Guangzhou Daily: In the actual operation, there is no difference in the feel of jade in different regions?
Jiang Chunyuan: There are obviously different differences. If it is Hetian Baiyu, the tools will feel smooth and smooth when they go up, and the lines are in place. However, Qinghai does not work, it will feel embarrassing, so it is difficult to do as beautiful as Xinjiang.
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