The general concept of color fastness
Color fastness is the quality requirement for dyeing and printing fabrics. Because dyed fabrics can be worn or stored, they can be discolored or discolored due to light, sweat, friction, washing, ironing, etc., thereby affecting the aesthetic appearance of fabrics or garments. The nature or extent of the variation in the staining state can be expressed as the color fastness. The color fastness of fabrics is related to yarn structure, fabric structure, printing and dyeing methods, dye type and external force. It can be divided into light fastness, washing or soaping fastness, rubbing fastness, perspiration fastness, ironing fastness and sublimation fastness.
1. Light fastness
The light fastness refers to the degree of discoloration of a colored fabric by sunlight. The test method can be used either in the sun or in the sunlight. The fading degree of the sample after the sun exposure is compared with the standard color sample. It is divided into 8 grades, 8 grades best, and 1st grade worst. Fabrics with poor light fastness should not be exposed to sunlight for a long time and should be dried in a ventilated place.
2. Wash fastness
Washing or soaping fastness refers to the degree of color change after the dyed fabric is washed with the washing solution. Gray graded sample cards are usually used as the evaluation criteria, that is, the color difference between the original sample and the sample after fading is used for evaluation. Washing fastness is divided into 5 levels, 5 is the best and 1 is the worst. The fabrics with poor washing fastness should be dry-cleaned. If the wet-cleaning is performed, the washing conditions must be doubled. For example, the washing temperature should not be too high and the time should not be too long.
3. Friction fastness
Rubbing fastness refers to the degree of discoloration of dyed fabrics after rubbing, which can be classified into dry rubbing and wet rubbing. The rubbing fastness is evaluated on the basis of the degree of white cloth staining, and is divided into 5 levels (1 to 5). The larger the value, the better the rubbing fastness. Fabrics with poor rubbing fastness have limited service life.
4. Perspiration fastness
Perspiration fastness refers to the degree of discoloration of a dyed fabric after it is impregnated with sweat. Perspiration fastness Due to the different composition of artificially formulated perspiration, it is generally combined with other color fastnesses in addition to individual measurements. Perspiration is divided into 1 to 5 grades, the larger the value, the better.
5. Ironing fastness
Ironing fastness refers to the degree of discoloration or discoloration of a dyed fabric when it is ironed. This degree of discoloration and fading is assessed by the coloring of the iron to other fabrics at the same time. Ironing fastness is divided into 1 to 5 grades, 5 is the best, and 1 is the worst. When testing the ironing fastness of different fabrics, the test iron temperature should be selected.
6. Sublimation fastness
Sublimation fastness refers to the degree of sublimation that occurs in dyed fabrics during storage. Sublimation Fastness The grey graded sample cards were used to assess the degree of discoloration, fading and white cloth staining of the fabrics after dry hot pressing. The scores were divided into 5 grades, with grade 1 being the worst and grade 5 being the best.
The color fastness of normal fabrics is generally required to reach 3 to 4 levels to meet the wearing needs.
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