China's jade culture has a long history. Hetian jade has a long history of at least 7,000 years in China. It is the main body of jade culture in China. It is a precious heritage and artistic treasure in the treasure house of Chinese national culture. It has a profound cultural heritage. Hetian jade has very distinctive features. Familiar with these characteristics, it can distinguish Xinjiang Hetian jade from other materials.
First, the toughness is extremely
Toughness is extremely important for jade, and its toughness is large, it is not easy to break, and it is wear-resistant. It has great benefits for the artistic shape and fine carving of jade. Toughness is the hardness of impact, and some hardness is very high, while Hetian jade hardness is not as high as diamond and crystal, but the hardness is very high. According to the determination, Hetian jade has a compressive strength of up to 6542 kg/cm 2 .
The toughness is the grinding hardness, and the Hetian jade is a tremolite jade, and its toughness is its characteristic. The toughness of tremolite jade is the largest in jade, which is the most important feature of Hetian jade, which is unmatched by other jade. Second, it is a tremolite, the particle size is extremely fine, and it has a felt-like structure.
Second, for the tremolite, the particle size is very fine, with a felt-like structure
There are two types of amphibole in the world: tremolite and actinolite. Hetian jade is a tremolite, and its mineral composition is tremolite. Main features: First, the content of tremolite is extremely high, generally above 95%, of which white jade is 99%, white jade is 98%, and jade is 97% (95%-99%). At the same time, the same type of tremolite jade in the field The jadeite content is higher. Second, there are very few impurity minerals. Generally it is 1% to 3%, and more than 1%. Third, the mineral has a very fine particle size and is microscopic and cryptocrystalline. The tremolite minerals are fibrous, needle-like, and leaf-like under a polarizing microscope, and are long columnar and short columnar fibers under a transmission electron microscope. According to the measurement of some samples, the particle size under the electron microscope is: 0.0046 mm × 0.0013 mm, 0.0063 ram * 0.0036 ram, the aspect ratio is 2:1 or 3:1; the long column is 0.01 m × 0.0028 ram, 0.004 ram. ×0.0008mm, 0.012mm×0.0012ram, aspect ratio is 3:1 or 5:1, 10:1; fiber is 0.0004mm×0.000021mm*0.0021ITlnl×0.00007ram, aspect ratio is 20:1 or 30 :1. The fineness of the particle size is rare in the same type of tremolite jade at home and abroad. Fourth, the structure is typical of felt, the particle size is uniform, and it is interwoven into a felt. This is an important reason for the fine and dense texture, and this structure is rare for other types of jade.
Third, the texture is delicate and gentle
The texture is a comprehensive representation of the quality of the jade, including shape, degree of moisture, cracks, impurities and so on. Due to its mineral composition and structure, Hetian jade has determined its texture. The performance is as follows: First, because of its extremely fine grain size, the texture is very delicate, which is what the ancients called "small and sorrowful", which is beyond the reach of other jade.
The second is warm and moist, that is, it has the luster of oil (fat), giving people a sense of moisturizing and softening. It is the so-called "warm and moist" of the ancients. The sheep fat jade is famous for its jade moisturizing like sheep fat.
Third, there is moderate transparency, that is, “the head is goodâ€, it is slightly transparent, and the jade pieces that are formed are watery and angry. Fourth, there are very few impurities, and some reach the level of innocence, and the inside and outside are the same. It is what the ancients called "there is no cover, and Yu does not cover up", or "the corner is ignorant and can be known."
Fourth, the hardness is relatively large
Hardness is one of the important standards of jade quality. When the hardness is large, the jade has good polishing property, good brightness and long-term preservation. Therefore, in the past, the process industry has divided hardness into high-grade jade. Hardness is an important indicator. Generally speaking, high-grade jade has a high hardness and low-grade jade has a low hardness. The hardness of Hetian jade is determined to be 6.5-6.9, which is similar to jadeite, and is smaller than serpentine jade (hardness is 2-6, generally about 4) and pyrophyllite (hardness is generally low, generally 2.5~). 4) is high. Dushan jade, hardness is similar to Hetian jade, but the texture is not as good as Hetian jade.
Five, pure color
The color of Hetian jade is compared with other jade. The main features are as follows: First, the color is pure, as the ancients said: "Yellow is like steamed chestnut, white is like cut-off fat, black is like pure paint, and it is called jade." Second, there is sheep fat jade. This is the unique beauty of Hetian jade. People call it "the essence of light, body such as gelatin, firm and delicate, thick and warm, admire can be nourishment, exorcism and sorrow, good for people, beautiful." The third is jade. Since ancient times, we have attached great importance to Daiyu. Song Yingxing, a scientist of the Ming Dynasty, said: "The jade in the middle of the jade, there are those who have no cross-cutting ruler. The ancient emperor took it as a beggar. The so-called Liancheng is not easy to get. The five or six inches of innocent people are treated with cups. It is also a treasure." The skin of Hetian jade jade can be divided into three categories: color skin, sugar skin and stone skin. The color skin is a layer of jade with a thin tan or brown skin (about 1 mm thick), which is caused by oxidation. The quality of jade, such as autumn pear, tiger skin, deer skin, etc., can be seen from the skin color. Often the finest white jade. The outer skin of sugar jade is thicker, such as brown sugar, and the jade mine often has such jade, including white jade or sapphire. The stone skin is surrounded by stone surrounding rock. It is necessary to take the surrounding rock to obtain jade. For example, Heshi is a "treasure of the skin."
Six, beautiful sound
The sound of jade after being hit, this is an important property of the ancients to identify jade. The jade made by Hetian jade, the sound that is made when knocking is clear and long, such as the sound of the golden gongs, and the resounding, the residual sound is far away, and Xu Xufang does. This is what Yudezhong said, "This sounds, the Qing Dynasty is long, and its end is stunned." This feature, other non-Xinshi jade is too late.
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